ACUTE CARDIOGENIC PULMONARY EDEMA

Definition

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) is defined as development of pulmonary edema as a consequence of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure secondary to elevated pulmonary venous pressure.

Pathophysiology CPE

(1) increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

(2) increased capillary permeability

(3) decreased plasma oncotic pressure

(4) lymphatic obstruction

Starling equation

Q = K(P.cap – P.is) - l(P.cap- P.is)

Q is net fluid filtration.

K is a constant called the filtration coefficient.

Pcap is capillary hydrostatic pressure

Pis is hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid.

l is the reflection coefficient, which indicates the effectiveness of the capillary wall in preventing protein filtration.

Pcap is the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma

Pis is the colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

When the pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds pulmonary interstitial pressure, transudation of fluid in the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli occurs.

Bleeding And Shock

Bleeding
Bleeding occurs due to damage to blood vessel walls that can caused by forced (Trauma) or disease.

Classification Of Sources Of Bleeding/Hemorrhage Group
1. Hemorrhage Arteries (Arteries)
Blood that comes from and artery out gushing out in accordance with the throbbing pulse and bright red.
2. Hemorrhage Behind The (Venous)
Blood from veins, flowing, dark red.
3. Hemorrhage Hair (Capillary)
Derived from the capillaries, blood seeping out slowly.

The Type Of Bleeding
External Bleeding
Bleeding visible/obvious exit from the open wound.

Bleeding
Bleeding, usually not visible and the skin does not look damaged. Sometimes visible under the surface of the skin without bruising.

Beware Any Bleeding, if it occurs :
a. Puncture wounds
b. Blood or fluid from ears or nose
c. Vomiting or coughing up blood
d. Extensive bruising on the torso
e. Penetrating chest or abdominal wounds
f. tenderness, stiffness, or cramps in the abdominal wall
g. Urinating or major bleeding.

Basic Knowledge Of First Aid

In everyday life we sometimes experience pain, injury or accident. That's why we need about First Aid.

First Aid Commonly Abbreviated As First Aid Are :
Immediate relief ti victims of injury or ill patients who required medical treatment accident basis.

About Medical Association :
Temporary relief until the victim arrived at the health facility.

Who Called The First Attendant?
Rescuers who first arrived on the scene, which has the ability and trained in basic medical treatment/emergencies.

Destination First Aid :
1. Patients life saving
2. Preventing disability
3. Provide comfort and support the healing process.